Our first day of sampling streams and thaw slumps by helicopter! Helicopter slump A. This is one of my favorite sites because it's at the base of the Richardson Mountains and is a spectacular area. Even more so, because this thaw slump provides a clear, fantastic example of the abundant ice-rich permafrost on the Peel Plateau. Notice the ice-rich headwall reflecting light from the afternoon sun. This photo makes it easier to imagine how various environmental factors - for example, warm air temperatures, sunlight, and precipitation - drive slump growth and activity. Admittedly, the photos of these slumps from June 2016 didn't turn out too well, so this photo and the two below were taken in August 2016. Helicopter slump B. This thaw slump provides a nice example of how topography influences thaw slump development. Thaw slumps that form in steeper stream valleys may be relatively deeper than thaw slumps (like Heli B) that form on more gently-sloping tundra. Even though such slumps might not always expose permafrost at similar depths, the can grow quite wide and have impressive debris tongues flowing out from the headwall. We can see that Heli B had two debris tongues at the time this photo was taken. We can also see that vegetation in the disturbed area near the base of the headwall is different than on the tundra. Notice, in particular, the yellow Mastadon flowers (Senecio congestus), which are known to colonize in active thaw slumps because they favor saturated soil conditions, like those near the base of thaw slump headwalls (Lantz et al. 2009, Cray and Pollard 2015). Lantz, T. C., Kokelj, S. V., Gergel, S. E., & Henry, G. H. (2009). Relative impacts of disturbance and temperature: persistent changes in microenvironment and vegetation in retrogressive thaw slumps. Global Change Biology, 15(7), 1664-1675. Cray, H. A., & Pollard, W. H. (2015). Vegetation recovery patterns following permafrost disturbance in a Low Arctic setting: case study of Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 47(1), 99-113. Helicopter slump D. Two weeks of heavy precipitation in mid-July eroded material from the interior of the slump, extending the debris tongue outwards and into a stream. The result? A new pond on the Peel Plateau! Notice the color of the pond, attributed to influx of relatively fresh permafrost material. On our first helicopter day, in June, we deployed a temperature sensor upstream of the thaw slump, only to find it submerged in the new pond on our second helicopter day, in August. Such is life! If we can recover the sensor during summer 2016, though, it may provide a wealth of information.
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